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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Epigenetic Abnormalities in Chondrosarcoma.

Michał Bereza1,2, Mateusz Dembiński1,2, Agnieszka E Zając1

  • 1Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic alterations, including DNA and histone modifications, drive chondrosarcoma (CS) development. Targeting these epigenetic changes offers promising new therapeutic strategies for this rare bone cancer.

Keywords:
chondrosarcomaepigenetic mechanismstargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modifications are crucial in cancer development.
  • These modifications can alter oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression, contributing to carcinogenesis.
  • While studied in common cancers, their role in rarer tumors like chondrosarcoma (CS) is emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of epigenetic alterations in chondrosarcoma pathogenesis.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets based on epigenetic modifications in CS.
  • To highlight ongoing clinical trials investigating epigenetic drugs for CS treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on chondrosarcoma and epigenetic alterations.
  • Summary of current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials targeting epigenetic modifications in CS.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic alterations, including DNA and histone modifications, are implicated in chondrosarcoma development.
  • MicroRNAs also play a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation contributing to CS.
  • Several epigenetic modifications present potential targets for novel CS therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation is a key factor in chondrosarcoma pathogenesis.
  • Targeting epigenetic modifications represents a promising avenue for developing new chondrosarcoma treatments.
  • Further research and clinical trials are essential to validate these epigenetic therapies for CS.