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Epigenetic Abnormalities in Chondrosarcoma
Michał Bereza1,2, Mateusz Dembiński1,2, Agnieszka E Zając1
1Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract:
In recent years, our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in tumor pathology has improved greatly. DNA and histone modifications, such as methylation, demethylation, acetylation, and deacetylation, can lead to the up-regulation of oncogenic genes, as well as the suppression of tumor suppressor genes. Gene expression can also be modified on a post-transcriptional level by microRNAs that contribute to carcinogenesis. The role of these modifications has been already described in many tumors, e.g., colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. These mechanisms have also begun to be investigated in less common tumors, such as sarcomas. Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a rare type of tumor that belongs to sarcomas and is the second most common malignant bone tumor after osteosarcoma. Due to unknown pathogenesis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapies of these tumors, there is a need to develop new potential therapies against CS. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the influence of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of CS by discussing potential candidates for future therapies. We also emphasize ongoing clinical trials that use drugs targeting epigenetic modifications in CS treatment.
Insights
Epigenetic alterations, including DNA and histone modifications, drive chondrosarcoma (CS) development. Targeting these epigenetic changes offers promising new therapeutic strategies for this rare bone cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epigenetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modifications are crucial in cancer development.
- These modifications can alter oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression, contributing to carcinogenesis.
- While studied in common cancers, their role in rarer tumors like chondrosarcoma (CS) is emerging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of epigenetic alterations in chondrosarcoma pathogenesis.
- To identify potential therapeutic targets based on epigenetic modifications in CS.
- To highlight ongoing clinical trials investigating epigenetic drugs for CS treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer.
- Analysis of studies focusing on chondrosarcoma and epigenetic alterations.
- Summary of current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials targeting epigenetic modifications in CS.
Main Results:
- Epigenetic alterations, including DNA and histone modifications, are implicated in chondrosarcoma development.
- MicroRNAs also play a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation contributing to CS.
- Several epigenetic modifications present potential targets for novel CS therapies.
Conclusions:
- Epigenetic dysregulation is a key factor in chondrosarcoma pathogenesis.
- Targeting epigenetic modifications represents a promising avenue for developing new chondrosarcoma treatments.
- Further research and clinical trials are essential to validate these epigenetic therapies for CS.
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