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Historical Silk: A Novel Method to Evaluate Degumming with Non-Invasive Infrared Spectroscopy and Spectral
Ludovico Geminiani1,2, Francesco Paolo Campione2,3,4, Carmen Canevali5,6
1Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 11, 2023
Summary
Detecting degumming in historical silk textiles is crucial for conservation. External reflection FTIR (ER-FTIR) spectroscopy offers a reliable, non-invasive method to distinguish between hard and soft silk fibers.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Analytical Chemistry
- Cultural Heritage Science
Background:
- Proper management of historical silk textiles requires identifying the degumming process.
- Degumming removes sericin, differentiating soft silk from unprocessed hard silk.
- This distinction provides historical context and informs conservation strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a non-invasive method for distinguishing between hard and soft silk.
- To overcome challenges in interpreting Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy data for hard silk detection.
- To apply an innovative analytical protocol for characterizing historical silk textiles.
Main Methods:
- Characterization of 32 silk textile samples from Japanese samurai armors (15th-20th century).
- Utilized external reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared (ER-FTIR) spectroscopy, a portable and rapid technique.
- Employed spectral deconvolution and multivariate data analysis, discussing ER-FTIR band assignment for silk for the first time.
Main Results:
- Successfully established a reliable method to distinguish between hard and soft silk.
- Evaluated the OH stretching signals, leveraging water molecule absorption as an indirect indicator.
- Demonstrated the potential for industrial applications of this novel approach.
Conclusions:
- External reflection FTIR (ER-FTIR) spectroscopy, combined with advanced data analysis, provides an effective means to identify silk degumming.
- This non-invasive technique offers valuable insights for the conservation of historical silk artifacts.
- The methodology shows promise for broader applications in material analysis and industrial processes.
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