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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Functional Groups02:08

Introduction to Functional Groups

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Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.  
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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
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Overview of Functional Groups01:19

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Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, certain functional groups will make a molecule hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each functional group is a unique...
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Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
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Organic Compounds

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All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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Study on the Occurrence Difference of Functional Groups in Coals with Different Metamorphic Degrees.

Jinzhang Jia1,2, Yinghuan Xing1,2, Bin Li3

  • 1College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study quantifies functional group changes in coal with increasing metamorphic degree using FTIR. As coal rank increases, aromaticity rises, while oxygen-containing groups and certain hydrogen bonds decrease, revealing structural evolution.

Keywords:
coal rank evolutionfractional peak fittingfunctional groupinfrared characterizationstructural parameters

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Coal Science

Background:

  • Understanding coal's chemical structure is crucial for resource utilization.
  • Coal's functional groups and structural parameters evolve significantly with increasing metamorphic degree.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze the occurrence and content of functional groups in coals of varying metamorphic degrees.
  • To elucidate the evolution laws of coal's chemical structure based on semi-quantitative parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to characterize coal samples.
  • Semi-quantitative structural parameters were calculated to assess chemical structure evolution.

Main Results:

  • Increasing coal rank leads to higher aromatic substitution, increased ether bonds, and altered methyl/methylene content.
  • Active oxygen-containing groups (phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl) decrease with higher coal rank.
  • Hydrogen bonding patterns shift, with OH-π and hydroxyl ether bonds increasing, while self-association and ring hydrogen bonds show complex changes.
  • Aromaticity, aromatic carbon ratio, and condensation degree increase with coal rank.
  • Hydrocarbon generation potential and maturity indicators exhibit non-linear changes with increasing coal rank.

Conclusions:

  • Coal's chemical structure undergoes significant transformations with increasing metamorphic degree, characterized by changes in functional groups and bonding.
  • FTIR analysis and semi-quantitative parameters provide valuable insights into coal's structural evolution and occurrence forms of functional groups.
  • The findings are significant for analyzing coal structure and its evolution, particularly for Chinese coal samples.