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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Lignin-Based Microparticles for Enhanced Delivery of Bioflavonoids
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Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams from Kraft Lignin with Improved Fire Resistance.

Fernanda R Vieira1, Nuno V Gama1, Dmitry V Evtuguin1

  • 1CICECO-Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

Polymers
|March 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel bio-based rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) using 100% lignin-based polyol. This sustainable insulating material offers low thermal conductivity and density, showing potential to replace petroleum-based foams.

Keywords:
bio-based polyolfire reactionligninoxyalkylationpolyurethane foamthermal conductivitythermal insulation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are widely used as insulating materials.
  • Petroleum-based polyols are conventionally used in RPUF synthesis.
  • There is a growing demand for sustainable and bio-based alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and optimize bio-based RPUFs using exclusively lignin-based polyol (LBP).
  • To evaluate the thermal, mechanical, and fire resistance properties of the bio-based RPUF.
  • To assess the potential of LBP-based RPUF as a sustainable alternative to conventional RPUFs.

Main Methods:

  • Lignin-based polyol (LBP) was synthesized via oxyalkylation of kraft lignin with propylene carbonate (PC).
  • Design of experiments methodology and statistical analysis were employed for formulation optimization.
  • Thermo-mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, density, cell morphology, and fire resistance were evaluated and compared to commercial RPUFs.

Main Results:

  • An optimized bio-based RPUF formulation was achieved with low thermal conductivity (0.0289 W/m·K) and low apparent density (33.2 kg/m³).
  • The bio-based RPUF demonstrated reasonable cell morphology and improved fire resistance, with an 18.5% reduction in average heat release rate and a 25% increase in burn time.
  • While exhibiting slightly lower thermo-oxidative stability and mechanical properties than conventional RPUFs, the bio-based foam is suitable for thermal insulation.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, high-performance bio-based RPUF can be produced using 100% unpurified LBP derived from kraft lignin.
  • This bio-based RPUF shows significant potential to replace conventional petroleum-based RPUFs in thermal insulation applications.
  • This study represents the first report on utilizing 100% unpurified LBP from LignoBoost kraft lignin for RPUF production.