Electronic Beam Steering Metamaterial Antenna with Dual-Tuned Mode of Liquid Crystal Material

In this study, a dual-tuned mode of liquid crystal (LC) material was proposed and adopted on reconfigurable metamaterial antennas to expand the fixed-frequency beam-steering range. The novel dual-tuned mode of the LC is composed of double LC layers combined with composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line theory. Through a multi-separated metal layer, the double LC layers can be loaded with controllable bias voltage independently. Therefore, the LC material exhibits four extreme states, among which the permittivity of LC can be varied linearly. On the strength of the dual-tuned mode of LC, a CRLH unit cell is elaborately designed on three-layer substrates with balanced dispersion values under arbitrary LC state. Then five CRLH unit cells are cascaded to form an electronically controlled beam-steering CRLH metamaterial antenna on a downlink Ku satellite communication band with dual-tuned characteristics. The simulated results demonstrate that the metamaterial antenna features' continuous electronic beam-steering capacity from broadside to -35° at 14.4 GHz. Furthermore, the beam-steering properties are implemented in a broad frequency band from 13.8 GHz to 17 GHz, with good impedance matching. The proposed dual-tuned mode can make the regulation of LC material more flexible and enlarge the beam-steering range simultaneously.