Sex-specific bone and muscular morphological features in ischiofemoral impingement: A three-dimensional study

The study aimed to investigate how hip bone and muscular morphology features differ between ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) patients and healthy subjects among males and females. Three-dimensional models were reconstructed based on magnetic resonance imaging images from IFI patients and healthy subjects of different sexes. Bone morphological parameters and the cross-sectional area of the hip abductors were measured. The diameter and angle of the pelvis were compared between patients and healthy subjects. Bone parameters of the hip and cross-sectional area of the hip abductors were compared between affected and healthy hips. The comparison results of some parameters were significant for females but not males. For females, the comparison results of pelvis parameters showed that the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet (p = 0.001) and intertuberous distance (p < 0.001) were both larger in IFI patients than in healthy subjects. Additionally, the comparison results of hip parameters showed that the neck shaft angle (p < 0.001) and the cross-sectional area of the gluteus medius (p < 0.001) and gluteus minimus (p = 0.005) were smaller, while the cross-sectional area of the tensor fasciae latae (p < 0.001) was significantly larger in affected hips. Morphological changes in IFI patients demonstrated sexual dimorphism, including bone and muscular morphology. Differences in the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet, intertuberous distance, neck shaft angle, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus may explain why females are more susceptible to IFI.