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Protein intake and postprandial hyperglycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, a pilot

Dalia Dalle1, Sarine Shahmirian2, Jennifer Dorman3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, 3950 Beaubien St, 3rd Floor, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
|March 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Dietary protein intake can cause postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study found PPH occurred at lower protein amounts in children than previously seen in adults.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management requires careful monitoring of glucose levels.
  • The impact of dietary protein intake (PI) on postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) in children with T1D is not fully understood.
  • Previous studies have primarily focused on adult populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between dietary protein intake and the development of postprandial hyperglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes.
  • To quantify the glucose changes and PPH following varying amounts of protein consumption.
  • To compare findings in children with existing data from adult studies.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, self-controlled pilot study was conducted in children with T1D.
  • Participants consumed carbohydrate- and fat-free whey protein isolate drinks in increasing amounts (0-62.5 gm) over six nights.
  • Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and glucometers tracked glucose levels for 5 hours post-intake; PPH was defined as a glucose increase ≥50 mg/dL from baseline.

Main Results:

  • Eleven children (mean age 11.6 years) completed the study.
  • Postprandial hyperglycemia was observed in a significant proportion of subjects even at lower protein intake levels (e.g., 5/11 after 12.5 gm).
  • The incidence of PPH increased with higher protein amounts, with 8/9 subjects experiencing it after 62.5 gm of protein.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary protein intake is associated with postprandial hyperglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes.
  • The threshold for PPH induction by protein appears to be lower in children compared to adults.
  • These findings highlight the need for tailored dietary recommendations regarding protein intake in pediatric T1D management.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenPostprandial hyperglycemiaProtein intakeType 1 diabetes

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