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Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Establishment and Maintenance of Gnotobiotic American Cockroaches Periplaneta americana
Published on: May 28, 2021
Axenic and gnotobiotic insect technologies in research on host-microbiota interactions
Jiahui Wu1, Qiqi Wang2, Dandan Wang2
1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Abstract:
Insects are one of the most important animal life forms on earth. Symbiotic microbes are closely related to the growth and development of the host insects and can affect pathogen transmission. For decades, various axenic insect-rearing systems have been developed, allowing further manipulation of symbiotic microbiota composition. Here we review the historical development of axenic rearing systems and the latest progress in using axenic and gnotobiotic approaches to study insect-microbe interactions. We also discuss the challenges of these emerging technologies, possible solutions to address these challenges, and future research directions that can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of insect-microbe interactions.
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