Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

31.9K
Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
31.9K
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

23.8K
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
23.8K
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

416
The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
416
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

1.4K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.4K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

5.1K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
5.1K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

3.6K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: De novo design of quasisymmetric two-component protein cages.

Nature·2026
Same author

Polarization increases nuclear stiffness in macrophages despite reduction in lamin A/C levels.

npj biological physics and mechanics·2026
Same author

Nascent protein retention at polysomes reduces kinetic barriers to self-assembly.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

De novo design of quasisymmetric two-component protein cages.

Nature·2026
Same author

Segmental copy number amplifications are more stable than aneuploidies in the absence of selection.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same author

Investigating the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in relation to bacterial, fungal, and functional diversity in a hay field.

Microbiology spectrum·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
10:35

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo

Published on: April 6, 2022

2.8K

Increased mesoscale diffusivity in response to acute glucose starvation.

Ying Xie1,2, David Gresham2, Liam J Holt1

  • 1Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States.

Micropublication Biology
|March 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Macromolecular crowding in cells changes during glucose starvation. Researchers found that messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particle movement slowed, while fluorescent nanoparticle movement increased, suggesting reduced cytoplasmic crowding.

More Related Videos

Measuring Glucose Uptake in Drosophila Models of TDP-43 Proteinopathy
07:07

Measuring Glucose Uptake in Drosophila Models of TDP-43 Proteinopathy

Published on: August 3, 2021

2.8K
A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia
09:35

A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia

Published on: November 15, 2024

473

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
10:35

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo

Published on: April 6, 2022

2.8K
Measuring Glucose Uptake in Drosophila Models of TDP-43 Proteinopathy
07:07

Measuring Glucose Uptake in Drosophila Models of TDP-43 Proteinopathy

Published on: August 3, 2021

2.8K
A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia
09:35

A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia

Published on: November 15, 2024

473

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Macromolecular crowding is a fundamental cellular property influencing biological processes.
  • Passive microrheology, particularly single particle tracking, is a key technique for investigating cellular crowding.
  • Understanding crowding dynamics is crucial for comprehending cellular function and response to stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of acute glucose starvation on macromolecular crowding within cells.
  • To compare the diffusivity of messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes and synthetic nanoparticles under starvation conditions.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind observed changes in cellular diffusivity during metabolic stress.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized passive microrheology with single particle tracking.
  • Monitored the diffusivity of self-assembling fluorescent nanoparticles (μNS).
  • Tracked the movement of specific messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes (GFA1-PP7).

Main Results:

  • Messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) diffusivity significantly decreased upon glucose starvation.
  • In contrast, the diffusivity of μNS nanoparticles showed a notable increase.
  • Observed differential responses in particle diffusion indicate complex changes in the cellular environment.

Conclusions:

  • Glucose starvation induces distinct changes in the diffusivity of different cellular components.
  • Reduced mRNP diffusivity may result from increased physical interactions within granules.
  • Increased nanoparticle diffusivity suggests a potential global reduction in cytoplasmic macromolecular crowding during starvation.