How Reliable Are YouTube Videos for General Surgery Residents Learning?

Introduction  YouTube is one of the top-searched online video streaming platforms. However, the content of YouTube may not match the standards required for clinical skills learning. Therefore, we investigated the quality of top-viewed YouTube videos related to three basic surgical procedures that need to be performed by general surgery residents in their first year of training in our institute. Methods  We searched YouTube for the top 10 viewed demonstration videos related to ultrasound-guided abscess drainage, chest tube insertion, and central line insertion. For the eligible videos, we calculated the likes ratio, view ratio, and video power index. The videos' quality was assessed using LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS) scores. The videos were categorized into high-quality (LAP-VEGaS score ≥ 11) and low-quality videos (LAP-VEGaS score < 11). The different descriptive (view counts, duration, and likes-dislikes) and calculated parameters stated above were compared between the two video quality-based groups. Results The selected videos were uploaded between July 2008 and March 2022. Their mean view counts were 460391.13±373760.19. Their mean video duration was 8.12±4.26 minutes. Their mean likes and dislikes were 2578.38±2977.43 and 144.10±129.80, respectively. The mean like ratio and the mean view ratio were 93.42±13.53 and 317.76±827.79, respectively. The mean video power index was 310.67±827.96. The mean LAP-VEGaS scores for ultrasound-guided abscess drainage, chest tube insertion, and central line insertion-related videos were 6.80, 11.10, and 11.20, respectively. The numbers of likes and dislikes were significantly higher for high-quality videos. Conversely, the view counts, the view ratio, and the video power index were significantly lower for high-quality videos. Conclusion  Top-viewed videos related to general surgery procedural demonstrations are of low quality. The video view counts, popularity, and likes-dislikes are highly unreliable indicators of surgical video's usefulness. There is a need for regulatory mechanisms to screen the YouTube content suitable for general surgery residents learning. The residents should therefore be cautious while making inferences based on YouTube videos.