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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

An elevated parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index is associated with atrial fibrillation.

Vanesa Alonso-Ventura^1,2,3, Patricia Campos-Magallon⁴, Belen Moreno-Franco^1,2,3,5

¹Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.

Frontiers in Endocrinology

|March 13, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Euthyroid patients with atrial fibrillation exhibit altered thyroid regulation, showing higher Parametric Thyroid Feedback Quantile-Based Index (PTFQI) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels compared to the general population. These thyroid changes correlate with conditions like sleep apnea and heart failure.

Keywords:

PTFQI Parametric Thyroid Feedback Quantile-Based Index atrial fibrillation thyroid regulation thyrotropin thyroxine

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Published on: February 14, 2022

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Cardiology
Thyroidology

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to hyperthyroidism.
Euthyroid individuals with AF show elevated free thyroxine (fT4) but not TSH.
Thyroid regulatory feedback mechanisms in AF patients require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare thyroid regulation, using the Parametric Thyroid Feedback Quantile-Based Index (PTFQI), between euthyroid patients with AF and the general population.
To investigate associations between thyroid parameters and clinical characteristics within the AF cohort.

Main Methods:

Compared PTFQI, TSH, and fT4 in 84 euthyroid AF patients (cases) versus euthyroid controls.
Calculated age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for AF across tertiles of thyroid parameters.
Examined associations between thyroid parameters and AF clinical features.

Main Results:

Euthyroid AF patients had higher fT4 and PTFQI than controls (p<0.01, p=0.01).
Higher PTFQI tertiles correlated with increased AF odds (OR 1.88, p trend=0.02).
Within AF patients, PTFQI associated with OSAS, fT4 with heart failure, and TSH with OSAS.

Conclusions:

Euthyroid AF patients demonstrate an elevated pituitary TSH-inhibition threshold (higher PTFQI).
Elevated PTFQI and fT4 in AF patients link to OSAS and heart failure, respectively.
Findings suggest a relationship between thyroid regulation and atrial fibrillation.