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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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Infertility in Males01:23

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Standard Precaution01:26

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates
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Forced Intercourse in America: A Pandemic Update.

William G Axinn1, Brady T West1, Heather M Schroeder1

  • 1University of Michigan-Ann Arbor.

Research Square
|March 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Forced intercourse remains a significant public health issue for U.S. women, with rates staying high during the pandemic. Early adulthood shows a concerning increase in forced intercourse prevalence.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Forced intercourse is prevalent among U.S. women, contributing to unintended pregnancies.
  • Previous data from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) did not capture pandemic-era rates.
  • Understanding recent trends in forced intercourse is crucial for public health interventions.

Approach:

  • Utilized multiple nationally-representative, cross-sectional surveys from 2011-2022.
  • Included data from the National Survey of Family Growth, Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition into Adulthood Supplement, and American Family Health Study (AFHS).
  • Provided population-level estimates of forced intercourse prevalence.

Key Points:

  • Forced intercourse rates remained high during the pandemic, affecting over 25% of U.S. females over 40 (lifetime prevalence).

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  • A significant increase in forced intercourse was observed among females aged 24-28.
  • Females aged 24-28 with less than a college education reported significantly higher rates of forced intercourse.

    • Conclusions:

    • Forced intercourse prevalence remained high among U.S. women throughout the pandemic.
    • Rates of forced intercourse significantly increased in early adulthood, particularly among those without higher education.
    • This exposure is linked to increased unintended pregnancies and adverse sexual, reproductive, and mental health outcomes.