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Haematological profile abnormalities; and its relationship with severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection
Noman Ahmed Chaudhary1, Muhammad Khurram1, Tahira Yasmin1
1Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Insights
Complete blood count (CBC) abnormalities, including elevated neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), are linked to severe COVID-19 outcomes. These hematological markers can help predict disease severity and patient prognosis in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Pathology
Background:
- Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) significantly impacts global health, necessitating accessible diagnostic tools.
- The complete blood count (CBC) is a readily available and initial investigation for COVID-19 patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate hematological abnormalities in COVID-19 patients.
- To correlate these abnormalities with disease severity and patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 150 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients.
- Hematological profiles were recorded at admission and analyzed.
- Data analysis utilized SPSS version 19 to assess relationships with disease severity.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), platelets to lymphocytes ratio (PLR), neutrophils to monocyte ratio (NMR), and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were observed.
- Higher median NLR was noted in critical COVID-19 cases compared to mild and moderate cases (p<0.000).
- All analyzed hematological parameters showed a significant relationship with COVID-19 severity and outcome (p<0.000 for most).
Conclusions:
- Hematological parameters significantly differ in COVID-19 patients.
- These hematological markers can serve as predictors for COVID-19 severity and patient outcomes.
Background:
Corona virus disease (Covid-19) caused by corona virus (SARS Cov-2) has affected millions of people around the world. Many diagnostic modalities have been tested but the blood complete picture remains the initial and most easily accessible investigation in Covid-19.
Objectives:
The objective of this study was to find out the haematological abnormalities in relation to Covid-19 severity and outcome.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out from April 2020 to July 2020. One--hundred and fifty polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed Covid-19 patients were inducted by random sampling. Haematological profile at admission was recorded. Data thus obtained was analyzed with respect to Covid-19 severity and outcome. The data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.
Results:
Out of a total of 150 patients included in the study, 77(51.3%) patients had mild disease at the time of admission, 42 (28%) had moderate disease while 31 (20.7%) had critical disease at the time of admission. Medians (interquartile range) of total leucocyte count (TLC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), platelets to lymphocytes ratio (PLR), neutrophils to monocyte ratio (NMR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were 8.11 (IQR=4.88), 5.95 (IQR=4.58), 1.66 (IQR=1.10), 3.48 (IQR=4.20), 146.24 (IQR=130.75), 18.87 (IQR=14.07), 0.16 (IQR=0.13). Median NLR was higher in patients with critical illness 11.23 (IQR=10.70) as compared to those with stable 2.51 (IQR=1.77) and moderate 3.22 (IQR=3.60) disease (p< 0.000). Similarly TLC (p< 0.000), neutrophils (p< 0.000), lymphocytes (p< 0.000), NLR (p< 0.000), PLR (p< 0.000, p=0.001), MLR (p< 0.000), NMR (p< 0.000) had significant relationship with the severity and outcome of Covid-19 infection.
Conclusion:
Many haematological parameters are significantly different and can be used to predict the severity and outcome of Covid-19 infection.
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