Functional and Structural Facts of Effective Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials: A Review

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrical Engineering
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Rapid advancements in electronics and telecommunications necessitate effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding.
• EMI can degrade electronic device performance and pose risks to human health.
• Current research focuses on combining magnetic alloys with conductive, non-magnetic materials for enhanced EMI shielding effectiveness (SE).

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of materials for EMI SE, with a focus on graphene-based polymeric composites.
• To discuss multifunctional and functional structural EMI shields.
• To analyze the principles, design, material architecture, and current research drawbacks of EMI shields.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on various materials used for EMI shielding.
• Categorization of materials including polymers, carbons, ceramics, metals, cement composites, and hybrids.
• Emphasis on carbon-based materials in micro, nano, and quantum forms, particularly in composites.

Main Results:

• Graphene-based polymeric composites show significant promise for EMI SE applications.
• Carbon-based materials (polymer-carbon, cement-carbon, ceramic-carbon, metal-carbon, and hybrids) offer unique electrical, magnetic, dielectric, thermal, and mechanical properties.
• Diverse material architectures are being explored for multifunctional and structural EMI shielding.

Conclusions:

• The synergistic combination of different materials, especially with carbon allotropes like graphene, is a key strategy for developing high-performance EMI SE systems.
• Further research is needed to address the limitations and optimize the design and material architecture of advanced EMI shields.
• Understanding the fundamental principles and material properties is crucial for future innovations in EMI shielding technology.