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Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit increased competitiveness in interpersonal interactions, driven by a pathway including trait paranoia, state paranoia, and distrust. This study validates a theoretical model for understanding paranoia in clinical populations using game theory.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Game theory, specifically the Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG), has been used to study nonclinical paranoia.
  • Research on game theory and clinical paranoia, especially in schizophrenia, is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test a novel theoretical model proposing that schizophrenia leads to competitiveness in interpersonal interactions.
  • To investigate the serial mediation of this link by trait paranoia, state paranoia, and distrust.

Main Methods:

  • A quasi-experimental design comparing individuals with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses (n=46) and a nonclinical control group (n=43).
  • Participants engaged in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG).
  • Measures of trait paranoia, state paranoia, and distrust were administered.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with schizophrenia displayed greater competitiveness in the PDG compared to controls.
  • Significant direct effects were found: schizophrenia was linked to higher trait paranoia.
  • Trait paranoia predicted state paranoia, which predicted distrust, ultimately predicting competition, supporting a serial mediation model.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence for a theoretical process model linking schizophrenia to competitiveness through paranoia and distrust.
  • Game theory paradigms, particularly the PDG, are valuable tools for advancing research on paranoia in both clinical and nonclinical contexts.