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Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation in Subacute Aphasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Melissa D Stockbridge1, Jordan Elm2, Bonnie L Breining1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (M.D.S., B.L.B., D.C.T., R.S., S.M.S., E.V., K.R., E.B.G., C.K., A.E.H.).

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Summary

Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) did not improve naming accuracy in subacute aphasia patients. However, tDCS did enhance discourse recovery, a critical skill for participation.

Keywords:
aphasiaelectrical stimulationischemic strokelanguagequality of life

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) shows promise as an adjunctive therapy for chronic aphasia.
  • Aphasia, a language disorder resulting from brain damage, significantly impacts communication and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of anodal tDCS combined with language therapy in subacute aphasia.
  • To assess the impact of tDCS on discourse measures, quality of life, and naming accuracy compared to sham stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial involving 58 participants with subacute aphasia.
  • Participants received either active tDCS (1 mA for 20 minutes) or sham-tDCS alongside standard naming treatment.
  • The primary outcome was the change in naming accuracy of untrained pictures from pre-treatment to 1-week post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in picture naming accuracy improvement was observed between the tDCS and sham groups.
  • Participants receiving tDCS showed greater improvements in discourse content and efficiency compared to the sham group.
  • Quality of life improvements did not differ significantly between the groups, and no adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:

  • tDCS did not enhance picture naming recovery in subacute aphasia.
  • tDCS positively impacted discourse recovery, which is crucial for patient participation.
  • Future research should involve larger samples and more comprehensive functional outcome measures to further explore tDCS in aphasia rehabilitation.