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Association of hydroxytyrosol enriched olive oil with vascular function in chronic coronary disease
Ignatios Ikonomidis1, Konstantinos Katogiannis1, Christina Chania2
1Laboratory of Echocardiography and Preventive Cardiology, Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
Background:
Hydroxytyrosol reduces low-density lipoprotein oxidation, contributing to prevention of atherosclerosis progression.
Methods:
In a prospective, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 30 chronic coronary artery syndrome (CCAS) patients were randomized to 4 capsules/day, containing 412.5 mg olive oil with 2.5 mg hydroxytyrosol (OOHT) each one or placebo for 1 month and then were crossed over to the alternate treatment (placebo or OOHT). We measured (a) perfused boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual arterial microvessels (increased PBR indicates reduced glycocalyx thickness), (b) flow-mediated dilation (FMD), (c) Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR) and markers of LV diastolic function by Doppler echocardiography, (d) pulse wave velocity (PWV), and (e) oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and blood lipids at baseline and after treatment.
Results:
Treatment with OOHT improved PBR, FMD, CFR and PWV compared to baseline (1.8 ± .3 vs. 1.7 ± .4 μm, p = .040, 3.7 ± 2.1 vs. 6.5% ± 2.3%, p < .001, 2.3 ± .4 vs. 2.5 ± .4, p = .030 and 11.1 ± 1.8 vs. 11.8 ± 2.3 m/s, p = .002) while there was no effect after placebo (p = NS). No effect of OOHT treatment was observed on blood pressure. There was a parallel improvement of E' of the mitral annulus and deceleration time of the E wave of mitral inflow after OOHT (p < .05) but not after placebo. Compared to baseline, treatment with OOHT reduced malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, oxidized LDL, triglycerides, PCSK9 and CRP blood levels (p < .05) in contrast to placebo.
Conclusions:
Hydroxytyrosol-enriched olive oil may have beneficial effects on endothelial, arterial and LV diastolic function likely by reducing oxidative and inflammatory burden in CCAS, though further studies are needed to confirm this mechanism.
Insights
Hydroxytyrosol-enriched olive oil improved vascular function and reduced oxidative stress in patients with chronic coronary artery syndrome. These findings suggest potential benefits for cardiovascular health by mitigating inflammation and lipid peroxidation.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Nutritional Science
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Atherosclerosis progression is linked to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation.
- Hydroxytyrosol, a key polyphenol in olive oil, is known to possess antioxidant properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of hydroxytyrosol-enriched olive oil (OOHT) on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and cardiac function in patients with chronic coronary artery syndrome (CCAS).
- To evaluate the impact of OOHT on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30 CCAS patients.
- Participants received either OOHT or placebo capsules daily for one month, followed by a crossover to the alternate treatment.
- Measurements included perfused boundary region (PBR), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR), pulse wave velocity (PWV), left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipids.
Main Results:
- OOHT significantly improved PBR, FMD, CFR, and PWV compared to baseline and placebo.
- Treatment with OOHT led to improvements in LV diastolic function markers (E' and deceleration time).
- OOHT reduced levels of malondialdehyde, oxidized LDL, triglycerides, PCSK9, and C-reactive protein (CRP), indicating reduced oxidative and inflammatory burden.
Conclusions:
- Hydroxytyrosol-enriched olive oil demonstrates beneficial effects on endothelial, arterial, and LV diastolic function in CCAS patients.
- These improvements are likely mediated by a reduction in oxidative and inflammatory burden.
- Further research is warranted to confirm the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.
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