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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

4.3K
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
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An update on Merkel cell carcinoma.

Maria Chiara Sergi1, Eleonora Lauricella1, Camillo Porta2

  • 1Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer
|March 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer. While surgery and chemotherapy offer limited benefits, immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise for advanced stages, with ongoing research for new treatments.

Keywords:
Immune checkpoint inhibitorsImmunotherapyMerkel cell polyomavirusSkin cancerSomatostatin receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare skin cancer with aggressive behavior.
  • Its incidence is increasing, linked to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and UV exposure.
  • Distinct molecular features exist in virus-positive and virus-negative MCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding and treatment landscape of Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • To highlight the efficacy of emerging immunotherapies and unmet needs in MCC management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MCC epidemiology, etiology, and treatment modalities.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic strategies including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
  • Discussion of ongoing clinical trials and future therapeutic directions.

Main Results:

  • Surgery and radiotherapy offer curative potential for localized MCC but have limitations.
  • Chemotherapy provides high response rates but with short-lived benefits.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (avelumab, pembrolizumab) demonstrate durable responses in advanced MCC.

Conclusions:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a significant advancement for stage IV MCC.
  • Addressing treatment resistance to immunotherapy is a critical unmet need.
  • Investigational therapies including TKIs, PRRT, vaccines, and cellular immunotherapies are under evaluation for MCC.