Hydrodynamic simulation of hypervelocity generation by multidimensional graded impactors: Planarity enhancement study

Area of Science:

• Physics
• Materials Science
• Aerospace Engineering

Background:

• Hypervelocity impacts are critical phenomena in astrophysics and materials science.
• Achieving flyer planarity is essential for maximizing the experimental area in hypervelocity impact studies.
• Traditional graded density impactors (GDIs) have limitations in flyer planarity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between the structure of multidimensional graded density impactors (MDGDIs) and flyer planarity.
• To enhance the effectiveness of gas gun technology for hypervelocity impact experiments.
• To optimize the design of impactors for improved experimental outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Employed a one-dimensional Lagrange elastoplastic hydrodynamic method.
• Utilized a Euler grid finite difference method for analysis.
• Examined the stress wave propagation and particle velocity dynamics within impactors.

Main Results:

• MDGDIs effectively offset stress wave deviations caused by one-dimensional graded density impactors (1DGDI).
• The proportion of flat flyer areas increased substantially from 52.70% to 95.71% with MDGDI implementation.
• A linear relationship was identified between flyer flatness and wave impedance characteristics of the impactor layers.

Conclusions:

• MDGDIs offer a superior method for enhancing flyer planarity in hypervelocity impacts.
• The findings provide guidance for the rational design of GDIs.
• This research expands the applicability of gas gun technology in hypervelocity impact studies.