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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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[COMPLETE ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK DUE TO PULMONARY EMBOLISM].

Einat Shaked1, Ella Yahud1, Gergana Marincheva1

  • 1Cardiology Division, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Israel.

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Summary

Pulmonary embolism can cause uncommon heart block. This case report shows complete atrioventricular block resolved with anticoagulation therapy in an elderly patient.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent and potentially fatal condition.
  • It involves a blood clot obstructing pulmonary arteries, leading to right ventricular strain.
  • Common electrocardiogram (ECG) findings include sinus tachycardia and right precordial ST-T abnormalities.

Observation:

  • An 81-year-old woman presented with acute pulmonary embolism.
  • She exhibited an uncommon electrocardiographic manifestation: complete atrioventricular block.
  • This cardiac finding is rarely associated with pulmonary embolism.

Findings:

  • The patient's complete atrioventricular block was diagnosed in conjunction with acute pulmonary embolism.
  • Treatment with anticoagulation therapy led to the resolution of the atrioventricular block.
  • This suggests a direct link between PE and the observed cardiac conduction abnormality.

Implications:

  • This case highlights that complete atrioventricular block can be a manifestation of pulmonary embolism.
  • It underscores the importance of considering PE in patients presenting with unexplained bradycardia or heart block.
  • Prompt anticoagulation may reverse such cardiac complications, improving patient outcomes.