Evaluating the Alignment and Quality of Microgreens Training Materials Available on the Internet: A Content Analysis

Interest in microgreens, young, edible seedlings of a variety of vegetables, spices, and herbs, is growing worldwide. A recent national survey of the U.S. microgreen industry reported 48% of 176 growers learned to grow microgreens by viewing websites and videos on the internet. However, it is unknown if the content related to growing microgreens is aligned with regulations and clearly presented. The aim of this research was to conduct a content analysis to determine alignment with the Food Safety and Modernization Act Produce Safety Rule (PSR)and the presentation quality of existing microgreen training materials available on the internet. Microgreen training materials were collected using two search engines - Google and YouTube. A deductive approach was used to inform the development of three coding manuals to evaluate the training materials meeting the eligibility criteria. One was used to determine the alignment of the content and was based on the PSR. The other two manuals were used to determine the presentation quality of Google and YouTube training materials according to CDC's Quality E-learning Checklist. A total of 223 training materials (86 Google and 137 YouTube), which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were selected for the analysis. The results of the alignment with the PSR revealed that both sources minimally covered food safety principles with several areas minimally or not addressing specific information (e.g., water testing, worker training, environmental monitoring, and record keeping). In addition, some food safety information was unclear or presented conflicting information (e.g., requirement of washing microgreens, cleaning and sanitization methods, seed treatment methods, and waste management). The Google and YouTube quality scoring systems resulted in a mean quality score of 15.81 and 22 of a maximum score of 28, respectively. These findings indicate the quality and alignment with the PSR of microgreen training materials need to be improved.