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Related Concept Videos

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.4K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.4K
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

6.2K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
6.2K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

4.0K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
4.0K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.4K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.4K

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Harmonic Nanoparticles for Regenerative Research
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[C(NH2)2NHNO2][C(NH2)3](NO3)2: A Mixed Organic Cationic Hybrid Nitrate with an Unprecedented Nonlinear-Optical-Active

Dong Yan1,2, Meng-Meng Ren1, Qian Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|March 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A novel hybrid nitrate material, [C(NH2)2NHNO2][C(NH2)3](NO3)2, was synthesized. This material exhibits promising nonlinear-optical properties, including moderate second-harmonic generation, making it suitable for optical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are crucial for advanced photonic applications.
  • Developing new NLO materials with desirable properties remains a key research area.
  • Hybrid organic-inorganic materials offer tunable properties through structural design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel mixed organic cationic hybrid nitrate.
  • To investigate the nonlinear optical properties of the synthesized compound.
  • To explore the relationship between molecular structure and NLO performance.

Main Methods:

  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.
  • First-principles calculations to confirm NLO activity and electronic structure.
  • Optical spectroscopy to measure second-harmonic generation (SHG) and birefringence.

Main Results:

  • A new hybrid nitrate, [C(NH2)2NHNO2][C(NH2)3](NO3)2 (1), was successfully synthesized.
  • The compound exhibits a moderate second-harmonic-generation (SHG) response (1.5 × KDP).
  • It possesses a wide band gap (3.58 eV) and birefringence (0.071 at 550 nm).

Conclusions:

  • The [(C(NH2)2NHNO2]+ group is identified as a potent cationic NLO-active unit.
  • Synergistic effects between cationic groups significantly enhance the SHG response.
  • The synthesized material shows potential for applications in nonlinear optics.