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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Solid-State Electrolytes in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Latest Progresses and Prospects.

Chunxiang Xian1, Qiyue Wang2, Yang Xia2

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Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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Summary

Solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (SSLSBs) offer high energy and safety by replacing liquid electrolytes. Challenges remain in solid-state electrolyte (SSE) stability and interfacial compatibility for commercialization.

Keywords:
Li metalselectrochemical energylithium-sulfur batteriessolid-state electrolytessulfur cathodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (SSLSBs) are promising for next-generation energy storage due to high theoretical energy density and enhanced safety.
  • Switching to solid-state configurations mitigates safety and shuttle effect issues associated with liquid organic electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically discuss key issues and optimization strategies for solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) in SSLSBs.
  • To summarize state-of-the-art preparation methods, properties, and performance of various SSE materials in SSLSBs.
  • To propose a scientific outlook for SSE development and commercialization of SSLSBs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical discussion of existing research on SSEs for SSLSBs.
  • Summarization of preparation techniques, characterization methods, and performance data of different SSE materials.
  • Analysis of interfacial compatibility and electrochemical stability.

Main Results:

  • Identified intrinsic electrochemical instability and interfacial incompatibility as major challenges for SSEs.
  • Highlighted various SSE materials, their preparation, and performance characteristics in SSLSBs.
  • Discussed optimization strategies to address current limitations.

Conclusions:

  • SSEs are crucial for overcoming SSLSB limitations, but stability and interfacial issues require further research.
  • Advancements in SSEs are essential for the successful commercialization of high-performance, safe SSLSBs.
  • Future research should focus on developing robust SSEs and understanding electrode-electrolyte interfaces.