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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Monitoring Intraspecies Competition in a Bacterial Cell Population by Cocultivation of Fluorescently Labelled Strains
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Trade-Offs between Competitive Ability and Resistance to Top-Down Control in Marine Microbes.

Jinny Wu Yang1,2, Feng-Hsun Chang2, Yi-Chun Yeh3

  • 1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Msystems
|March 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Marine bacteria exhibit trade-offs between competition and resistance to predation, supporting the "kill-the-winner" hypothesis. These competition-resistance trade-offs enhance bacterial diversity in marine environments.

Keywords:
dilution experimentshigh-throughput sequencingkill-the-winner hypothesismarine bacterial communitiestop-down controls

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • The "kill-the-winner" hypothesis posits that mortality from predators (protists and viruses) can increase bacterial diversity by preventing dominant competitors from excluding others.
  • Investigating competition-resistance trade-offs is crucial for understanding microbial community dynamics in natural settings.
  • Previous research has rarely examined these trade-offs in marine bacterial communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and strength of competition-resistance trade-offs in natural marine bacterial communities.
  • To determine how top-down control by protists and viruses influences these trade-offs and bacterial diversity.
  • To test the

Main Methods:

  • On-board dilution experiments were used to manipulate top-down control pressure (protists only vs. protists + viruses).
  • 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was employed to assess the responses of individual bacterial taxa.
  • Competitive ability was measured as the top-down-control-free growth rate, and resistance was measured as the inverse of top-down-control-caused mortality.

Main Results:

  • A significant trade-off was observed: bacterial taxa with higher growth rates (competitive ability) exhibited lower resistance to top-down control.
  • Competition-resistance trade-offs were stronger and more consistent when top-down control involved both protists and viruses compared to protists alone.
  • Dilution of protists + viruses led to a steeper rank abundance distribution and decreased bacterial richness and evenness, while dilution of protists only decreased richness.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for competition-resistance trade-offs in marine bacterial communities, supporting the