Integrated Personal Health Record in Indonesia: Design Science Research Study.

Area of Science:

• Health Informatics
• eHealth Systems
• Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

• Personal health records (PHRs) are key for managing health information but are under-researched in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
• Previous PHR designs for LMICs often lacked system integration and stakeholder input.
• Indonesia, a populous LMIC, presents unique challenges and opportunities for PHR implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an integrated personal health record (PHR) architecture and prototype using design science research in Indonesia.
• To address the gap in PHR research and development within LMICs.
• To ensure stakeholder involvement in defining PHR requirements and functionalities.

Main Methods:

• Design science research methodology was employed.
• Stakeholder requirements were gathered through interviews with 37 health professionals and a survey of 1012 patients.
• The developed architecture and prototype were evaluated by 6 eHealth experts.

Main Results:

• An integrated PHR architecture was designed based on The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) v9.2, comprising five key components.
• A high-fidelity prototype for patients and physicians was developed.
• Evaluation led to improvements, incorporating stakeholder feedback and necessary functionalities for the Indonesian health context.

Conclusions:

• Design science effectively facilitated PHR integration in Indonesia, emphasizing stakeholder collaboration.
• The developed architecture and prototype are tailored to Indonesia's health system, supporting routine care and preventive health efforts.
• This research provides a model for PHR development in LMICs, highlighting the importance of context-specific design and integration.