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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

2.9K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
2.9K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

4.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

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Thyroid hormone modulates hyperoxic neonatal lung injury and mitochondrial function.

Bianca M Vamesu1,2, Teodora Nicola1, Rui Li1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

JCI Insight
|March 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Inhaled triiodothyronine (T3) reduced lung injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in newborn mice exposed to hyperoxia. This thyroid hormone therapy also improved cell bioenergetics in extremely low-birth weight infants, suggesting a potential treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Keywords:
Human stem cellsMitochondriaPulmonology

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Analyzing Oxygen Consumption Rate in Primary Cultured Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer
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Analyzing Oxygen Consumption Rate in Primary Cultured Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer
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Published on: February 13, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction at birth is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely low-birth weight (ELBW) infants.
  • Nebulized triiodothyronine (T3) has previously shown promise in reducing pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing mitochondrial function in adult animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if T3 can mitigate hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury and mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • To determine if T3 improves mitochondrial function in lung cells and mesenchymal stem cells from ELBW infants.
  • To assess the association between neonatal hypothyroxinemia and BPD in ELBW infants.

Main Methods:

  • Inhaled T3 administration in newborn mice exposed to hyperoxia.
  • Assessment of mitochondrial function in lung homogenates, neonatal murine lung fibroblasts (NMLFs), and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs).
  • Measurement of total T4 (TT4) levels in ELBW infants and correlation with BPD outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Inhaled T3 significantly attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in newborn mice.
  • T3 treatment reduced bioenergetic deficits and increased mitochondrial potential in NMLFs and UC-MSCs from ELBW infants.
  • Lower total T4 levels were observed in ELBW infants who died or developed moderate to severe BPD compared to survivors.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone signaling plays a crucial role in neonatal lung injury.
  • Inhaled T3 supplementation demonstrates therapeutic potential for preventing or treating bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ELBW infants.