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Upside down and the game of C allocation.

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Trees balance carbon allocation between growth and storing non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs). In low carbon years, NSC reserves are prioritized; in high productivity years, growth dominates. This highlights a crucial trade-off for tree resilience.

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Fagus sylvatica (beech)Mediterranean foresteddy covariancenon-structural carbohydrates (NSCs)wood anatomy

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Forest Ecology
  • Wood Anatomy

Background:

  • Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are vital for plant resilience, regulating carbon supply and demand.
  • Parenchyma tissue in woody organs stores NSCs, serving as a proxy for tree reserve capacity.
  • Long-term regulation and trade-offs between NSC reserves and growth remain under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate long-term dynamics of tree reserves (stem and root) using parenchyma features.
  • To investigate the trade-off between radial growth and NSC reserves in Mediterranean beech trees.
  • To understand the interplay between carbon allocation, growth, and reserve storage.

Main Methods:

  • Combined analysis of NSC content, stem and root wood anatomy, and eddy covariance data in a Mediterranean beech forest.
  • Quantified parenchyma fraction (RAP), axial parenchyma (AP), and narrow ray parenchyma (nRP) in stem and root.
  • Examined inter-annual dynamics and correlations between NSC content, parenchyma features, Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), and radial growth.

Main Results:

  • Parenchyma fraction (RAP) differed between beech stem and root due to variations in AP and nRP.
  • Synchronous inter-annual dynamics were observed for parenchyma components and radial growth in stem and root.
  • Positive correlations linked soluble sugars with nRP and starch with AP in stems. NEE correlated positively with AP and negatively with radial growth in both organs.

Conclusions:

  • Stem and roots exhibit distinct contributions to reserve storage, with potential functional partitioning among parenchyma components.
  • A long-term trade-off exists between carbon allocation to growth and reserves.
  • Trees prioritize NSC reserve replenishment during periods of reduced carbon supply and favor growth during high productivity years.