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Exposure to Maternal Diabetes during Pregnancy Is Associated with Aggravated Short-Term Neonatal and Neurological

Nancy Laval1,2, Mariane Paquette1,2, Hamza Talsmat1

  • 1CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.

American Journal of Perinatology
|March 14, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Maternal diabetes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is linked to worse outcomes, including longer hospital stays and increased risk of death or abnormal neurological exams. Managing maternal diabetes is crucial for improving neonatal HIE prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) face higher risks of perinatal complications.
  • The specific impact of maternal diabetes on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) outcomes is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of maternal diabetes on short-term neonatal and neurological outcomes in infants diagnosed with HIE.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective single-center study of 102 neonates with HIE treated with therapeutic hypothermia (2013-2020).
  • Multiple regression analysis was employed to evaluate the association between maternal diabetes and neonatal outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Neonates exposed to maternal diabetes had lower gestational age and higher birth weight.
  • Infants of diabetic mothers with HIE required longer ventilation, had extended NICU stays, and took longer to achieve full oral feeds.
  • Maternal diabetes was associated with a significantly increased risk of death or abnormal neurological examination at discharge (OR: 6.41).

Conclusions:

  • Maternal diabetes is linked to increased risks of death and short-term morbidities in neonates with HIE.
  • These morbidities include prolonged ventilation, extended neonatal intensive care unit stays, and abnormal neurological findings at discharge.
  • Prioritizing strategies to prevent and manage maternal diabetes during pregnancy is essential for mitigating HIE complications.
Abstract

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