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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Oncology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Gallbladder cancer (GBC) incidence is increasing in India.
  • Arsenic exposure is a growing concern in identified hotspots in Bihar.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between arsenic exposure and gallbladder carcinogenesis.
  • To quantify arsenic levels in biological samples of GBC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Collected biological samples (gallbladder tissue, stones, bile, blood, hair) from 152 GBC cases and 200 controls.
  • Measured arsenic concentration in samples using relevant analytical techniques.
  • Evaluated arsenic levels in blood samples from an additional 512 GBC patients.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher arsenic concentrations were found in blood, gallbladder tissue, stones, bile, and hair of GBC patients compared to controls.
  • Elevated arsenic levels were particularly noted in GBC patients from arsenic-exposed areas of Bihar.
  • Maximum arsenic concentrations detected were 389 µg/L (blood, GBC cases), 2166 µg/kg (tissue), 635 µg/kg (stones), 483 µg/L (bile), and 6980 µg/kg (hair).

Conclusions:

  • Arsenic contamination is strongly linked to increased gallbladder cancer risk in Bihar.
  • The high burden of gallbladder disease in arsenic-exposed regions of Bihar supports this association.
  • Findings highlight the public health implications of arsenic exposure on GBC carcinogenesis.