Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor

Published on: September 29, 2020

Capnographic monitoring reduces hypoxia incidence in older patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy under

Qiuyue Lian¹, Shaoyi Chen¹, Xiangyang Cheng¹

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.

|March 15, 2023

Abstract

Background:

Hypoxia is a very common adverse event that occurs during gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation, especially in older patients, owing to limited reservation of heart, brain, lung, and other organs. Prolonged or severe hypoxia can cause ischemia of the coronary artery and permanent nervous system damage, and even result in death. Hence, it is imperative to reduce or prevent hypoxia during gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation in older patients. Although several oxygen delivery methods would reduce hypoxia during this procedure, early detection of respiratory depression and early administration of intervention would be the best method to reduce or even confirm the hypoxia. Capnographic monitoring is reportedly more sensitive for detecting respiratory depression before the onset of hypoxia than the current clinical routine monitoring of pulse oxygen saturation; however, its effect is controversial. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to improve the safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation in older patients.

Methods:

A multicenter, randomized, single-blind, two-arm parallel-group, controlled with an active comparator, interventional superiority clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the impact of an additional capnographic monitoring-based intervention on the incidence of hypoxia in older patients. Patients (n = 1800) scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy with propofol sedation will be randomly assigned to either a control or interventional arm, wherein standard or capnographic monitoring is implemented, respectively.

Discussion:

This study primarily aims to examine whether an additional capnographic monitoring-based intervention can reduce the incidence of hypoxia in older patients during gastrointestinal endoscopy under propofol and sufentanil sedation. The results of this study may extensively impact gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation and the development of associated guidelines.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05030870. Registered on September 1, 2021.

Keywords:

Capnographic monitoring Gastrointestinal endoscopy Hypoxia Older patients Propofol Randomized controlled trial

More Related Videos

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...

Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management

Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management

Endotracheal intubation is a critical procedure that can be lifesaving for many patients with respiratory distress or failure. The role of nursing in managing endotracheal tubes is pivotal, as it involves pre-intubation preparation, assisting during the procedure, and post-extubation care.
1. Nursing Care of Patients Before Intubation
Before the endotracheal intubation procedure, nurses play an essential role in ensuring the process goes smoothly. The nurses must be familiar with intubation...

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

A Neutrophil Membrane-Encapsulated Pd/hCeO2 Nanoformulation for Alleviating Age-Dependent Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Postoperative Hoarseness After General Anesthesia Referred for Otolaryngological Consultation: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026

Oropharyngeal airway integrated with capnography and oxygenation for sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with obesity: a randomized trial.

Endoscopy·2026

Efficacy of low-dose nalmefene on recovery from general anaesthesia in adult patients: a multicentre randomised controlled study.

BMJ open·2026

Ciprofol Versus Propofol for the Prevention of Hypoxia During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Procedures in Overweight Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society·2026

Efficacy and safety of the COMBO endoscopy oropharyngeal airway in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Trials·2025

See all related articles