Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

1.3K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.3K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

3.8K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.8K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

3.8K
The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
3.8K
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

53
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
53
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

223
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
223
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

11.3K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
11.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microecological preparation combined with an modified low-carbon diet improves glucolipid metabolism and cardiovascular complication in obese patients.

Diabetology & metabolic syndrome·2021
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
04:23

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

Published on: February 21, 2025

434

Causal relationship between insulin resistance and sarcopenia.

Zi-Jian Liu1, Cui-Feng Zhu2

  • 1Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 518101, China.

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
|March 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sarcopenia, a condition of muscle loss, is increasingly common. This study explores its link with insulin resistance, examining potential causal relationships to guide future research and treatment.

Keywords:
AutophagyInsulin resistanceLipid infiltrationMitochondriaProteinSkeletal muscle

More Related Videos

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
09:48

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance

Published on: February 17, 2023

2.8K
Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
08:22

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
04:23

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

Published on: February 21, 2025

434
Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
09:48

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance

Published on: February 17, 2023

2.8K
Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
08:22

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Sarcopenia, characterized by decreased muscle mass and function, is a growing global health concern.
  • Its etiology is multifactorial, with no international consensus on its causes.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a complex interplay between sarcopenia and insulin resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the pathogenesis of sarcopenia.
  • To investigate the potential intrinsic causal relationship between sarcopenia and insulin resistance.
  • To review current research on sarcopenia and insulin resistance to inform clinical practice and mechanistic studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing studies on sarcopenia and insulin resistance.
  • Examination of proposed mechanisms linking muscle attenuation and impaired glucose metabolism.
  • Synthesis of research findings to elucidate the bidirectional relationship.

Main Results:

  • Sarcopenia is associated with reduced muscle mass and function, increasing disability and mortality.
  • Insulin resistance may contribute to sarcopenia development, while sarcopenia can exacerbate insulin resistance.
  • The precise causal link and directionality between sarcopenia and insulin resistance require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate relationship between sarcopenia and insulin resistance is crucial for effective management.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the causal pathways for targeted therapeutic interventions.
  • This review provides a foundation for future studies on sarcopenia's mechanisms and clinical outcomes.