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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
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Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods
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Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives.

Daniel Merenstein1, Bruno Pot2, Gregory Leyer3

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA.

Gut Microbes
|March 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New guidelines address safe probiotic use, especially for vulnerable groups. Whole genome sequencing is key for identifying risks and ensuring product quality for effective probiotic applications.

Keywords:
ISAPPInternational Scientific Association for Probiotics and PrebioticsProbioticantibiotic resistancegenome sequencinglive biotherapeutic productsmicrobiomemicrobiotanext-generation probioticssafety

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Probiotics are widely used by healthy individuals and in clinical settings.
  • Potential adverse events associated with probiotic consumption are known.
  • Expanding use into vulnerable populations necessitates updated safety guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop evidence-based recommendations for the safe and effective use of probiotics.
  • To address potential acute and long-term risks of probiotic consumption.
  • To guide the scientific and medical community on assessing probiotic safety.

Main Methods:

  • Convened a meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP).
  • Discussed evidence on risks, vulnerable populations, product quality, and adverse event reporting.
  • Emphasized the role of whole genome sequencing for strain identification and risk assessment.

Main Results:

  • Recommendations focus on potential risks, specific needs of vulnerable populations, and product quality.
  • Whole genome sequencing is highlighted for determining virulence, toxin, and antibiotic resistance genes.
  • Clear species and strain identification is crucial for safety.

Conclusions:

  • Actionable recommendations are needed for safe and effective probiotic use, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • Probiotic product quality must align with the needs of specific populations.
  • Robust adverse event reporting systems are essential for monitoring probiotic safety.