Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

3.0K
Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
3.0K
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

1.5K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
1.5K
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

3.4K
Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
3.4K
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

4.9K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
4.9K
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

2.8K
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
2.8K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.0K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dissecting the genetic architecture of knee alignment reveals its contribution to osteoarthritis risk.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Real-time transcriptomic profiling of hPSC-derived cartilage during development identifies a key role for the extracellular matrix in homeostasis and protection.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Identification of novel cinnamamide-pyridine quaternary ammonium derivatives as membrane-targeting antibacterial agents against Gram-positive bacteria.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Modular genetic architecture underlies human hand and foot evolution.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

In Vitro Massively Parallel Screening of Human Regulatory Elements Involved in Postcranial Skeletal Development for Differential Activity Compared to Chimpanzee.

Genome biology and evolution·2026
Same author

Profiling the epigenomic landscape of late embryonic and adult mouse hind limb muscles.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal
10:56

Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal

Published on: December 28, 2016

12.3K

Lineage-specific differences and regulatory networks governing human chondrocyte development.

Daniel Richard1, Steven Pregizer2,3, Divya Venkatasubramanian2,3,4

  • 1Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.

Elife
|March 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers mapped gene regulation in human cartilage development using stem cells. This study reveals key molecular players in articular and growth plate chondrocyte differentiation, advancing our understanding of cartilage biology.

Keywords:
articular cartilagedevelopmental biologyembryonic stem cellsepigeneticsgrowth plate cartilagehumanmouseregenerative medicinestem cellstranscription factors

More Related Videos

A 3D System for Culturing Human Articular Chondrocytes in Synovial Fluid
09:58

A 3D System for Culturing Human Articular Chondrocytes in Synovial Fluid

Published on: January 31, 2012

20.8K
Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal
10:56

Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal

Published on: December 28, 2016

12.3K
A 3D System for Culturing Human Articular Chondrocytes in Synovial Fluid
09:58

A 3D System for Culturing Human Articular Chondrocytes in Synovial Fluid

Published on: January 31, 2012

20.8K
Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Significant gaps exist in understanding human articular and growth plate cartilage development.
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer a model for studying cartilage formation.
  • Molecular regulation of chondrocyte differentiation requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the molecular and regulatory landscapes of human articular and growth plate chondrocytes derived from hESCs.
  • To identify lineage-specific gene regulatory networks governing chondrogenesis.
  • To provide a framework for studying chondrocyte differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Directed differentiation of hESCs to generate articular and growth plate chondrocytes.
  • Transcriptomic profiling (RNA-sequencing) of hESC-derived chondrocytes.
  • Chromatin accessibility mapping using ATAC-sequencing in hESC-derived and mouse chondrocytes.

Main Results:

  • hESC-derived chondrocytes exhibit transcriptomic profiles similar to fetal chondrocytes.
  • Integration of transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility data identified lineage-specific gene regulatory networks.
  • Functional validation confirmed the roles of RUNX2 and RELA transcription factors in specific chondrocyte lineages.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides comprehensive molecular characterizations of distinct human chondrogenic lineages.
  • The generated regulatory maps offer a framework for investigating chondrocyte differentiation.
  • This work significantly advances the understanding of human cartilage development and biology.