Separation and quantification of diazinon in water samples using liquid-phase microextraction-based effervescent...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Pesticides like diazinon pose risks to aquatic ecosystems.
• Efficient and sensitive methods are needed for diazinon detection in water.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an eco-efficient, cost-effective, and sensitive method for diazinon extraction and quantification.
• To utilize switchable solvents for trace analysis in environmental samples.

Main Methods:

• Liquid-phase microextraction utilizing an effervescent tablet-assisted switchable solvent.
• Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for quantification.
• In situ generation of CO2 from sodium carbonate and citric acid to alter solvent properties.

Main Results:

• Achieved high extraction recovery (95%) and pre-concentration factor (190%).
• Demonstrated excellent precision (<5% RSD) and low limits of detection (0.06 ng/ml) and quantitation (0.2 ng/ml).
• The salting-out process significantly enhanced extraction efficiency.

Conclusions:

• The developed method is highly efficient, sensitive, and rapid for diazinon determination in river water.
• This approach offers a green and cost-effective alternative for environmental monitoring.
• The switchable solvent system shows promise for the analysis of other organic pollutants.