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Herbicide residues in soil decrease microbe-mediated plant protection.

B Fuchs1, K Saikkonen1, A Damerau2

  • 1Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

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|March 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glyphosate residues persist in soil, harming beneficial microbes and impacting plant health. This study reveals how these herbicide residues affect aboveground symbiotic microbes, reducing plant defenses against pests.

Keywords:
Ecosystem servicesfungal plant symbiontsherbivorymutualismtrophic cascadestrophic interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Microbiology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Glyphosate residues persist longer than expected in soils, impacting rhizosphere microbes crucial for plant health.
  • The effects of soil-bound glyphosate on aboveground mutualistic microbes are largely unknown.
  • Epichloë species are common endophytic symbionts in cool-season grasses, providing herbivore resistance via alkaloids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of soil-applied glyphosate on Epichloë endophytes.
  • To assess the consequences of glyphosate exposure on plant-endophyte symbiosis and plant defense.
  • To understand the broader ecological implications of herbicide residues on plant-microbe interactions.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assessment of glyphosate's effect on Epichloë endophyte growth.
  • Cultivation of endophyte-symbiotic meadow fescue in soil with a glyphosate history for two years.
  • Measurement of insect-toxic loline alkaloid concentrations in plants under natural herbivore infestation.

Main Results:

  • Glyphosate exposure directly inhibited Epichloë endophyte growth in vitro.
  • Plants grown in glyphosate-treated soil showed reduced levels of Epichloë-derived loline alkaloids.
  • A correlation was observed between glyphosate presence, reduced alkaloid levels, and natural herbivore pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Soil-residing glyphosate negatively affects both rhizosphere and aerial plant endophytes.
  • Herbicide contamination disrupts beneficial plant-microbe symbioses, compromising plant defense mechanisms.
  • Glyphosate's impact extends to plant-pest interactions, with potential cascading ecological effects.