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Transition metals dissolve from nickel-rich oxide cathodes and move into solid electrolytes during battery cycling. This degradation pathway, previously seen in liquid electrolytes, is now observed in solid-state lithium thiophosphate electrolytes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Batteries

Background:

  • Layered oxide cathodes are crucial for high-energy-density batteries.
  • Solid-state electrolytes offer enhanced safety over liquid electrolytes.
  • Transition metal dissolution from cathodes is a known degradation mechanism in liquid-electrolyte batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate transition metal dissolution and diffusion in solid-state battery components.
  • To characterize the degradation of a nickel-rich oxide cathode and a lithium thiophosphate solid electrolyte.

Main Methods:

  • Cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was employed.
  • Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was utilized for chemical analysis.
  • Electrochemical cycling was performed to induce degradation.

Main Results:

  • Transition metal dissolution from the Ni-rich oxide cathode was observed.
  • Dissolved metals diffused into the bulk of the lithium thiophosphate solid electrolyte.
  • This degradation mechanism was confirmed under cryogenic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Transition metal dissolution and diffusion are significant degradation pathways in solid-state batteries with lithium thiophosphate electrolytes.
  • This phenomenon, previously limited to liquid electrolytes, impacts the long-term stability of solid-state batteries.
  • Understanding this mechanism is critical for developing more robust solid-state battery designs.