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Related Experiment Videos

Sequence-dependent gene conversion: can duplicated genes diverge fast enough to escape conversion?

J B Walsh1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson 86721.

Genetics
|November 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Duplicated genes can evolve independently if they diverge sufficiently, escaping gene conversion. This escape depends on mutation rates relative to conversion rates, allowing new gene functions to emerge.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular evolution
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Gene duplication is a key evolutionary mechanism for generating new gene functions.
  • Gene conversion between duplicated genes can limit their independent evolution and functional diversification.
  • Understanding the conditions for escaping gene conversion is crucial for gene family evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions under which duplicated genes can escape gene conversion and evolve independently.
  • To analyze sequence-dependence models of gene conversion.
  • To determine the impact of mutation and conversion rates on gene family evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of "k-hit" models where conversion is inactivated by a few mutations.

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  • Development and computer simulation of general sequence-dependent models.
  • Mathematical analysis of gene escape probabilities based on mutation (mu) and conversion (lambda) rates.

    • Main Results:

    • Duplicated genes escape conversion if the ratio of mutation rate to conversion rate (2 mu/lambda) is significantly greater than 0.1.
    • If 2 mu/lambda is less than 0.1, genes are unlikely to escape conversion.
    • For single inactivating mutations, escape is likely if 2 nu/lambda > 1, where nu is the mutation rate per copy per generation.

    Conclusions:

    • The rate of divergence relative to gene conversion dictates whether duplicated genes can evolve independently.
    • These findings have implications for models of concerted evolution and the emergence of novel gene functions through duplication.
    • The study provides quantitative criteria for predicting gene escape from conversion and subsequent independent evolution.