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Active Brownian particles in random and porous environments.

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Active Brownian particles (ABPs) in complex, disordered environments show heterogeneous dynamics and altered phase separation. Obstacles create localized particles, impacting collective behavior and motility-induced phase separation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Active particle transport is influenced by environmental complexity and quenched disorder.
  • Understanding active Brownian particles (ABPs) in heterogeneous media is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and dynamical properties of ABPs in 3D random environments with fixed obstacles.
  • To characterize ABP behavior in two specific, experimentally relevant obstacle arrangements: random pinning particles and percolating gel structures.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of active Brownian particles in three-dimensional disordered media.
  • Analysis of particle dynamics, structure, and phase separation phenomena.
  • Comparison of behavior in random obstacle positions versus porous gel structures.

Main Results:

  • Confinement by obstacles leads to increased dynamical heterogeneity.
  • Emergence of localized and absorbed particle populations near obstacles.
  • Significant impact of heterogeneity on motility-induced phase separation, including nucleation and growth in random disorder and complex patterns in porous media.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental disorder profoundly affects active particle dynamics and collective behavior.
  • Heterogeneity induced by obstacles alters motility-induced phase separation, leading to distinct patterns in different disordered environments.