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A high concentration CO2 pool over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool.

R Peter1, J Kuttippurath2, Kunal Chakraborty3

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|March 16, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A distinct carbon dioxide (CO2) pool in the mid-troposphere over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool is identified. This CO2 pool, influenced by Walker circulation and ENSO, contributes to regional warming and climate change concerns.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Anthropogenic emissions have significantly increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) since the industrial revolution.
  • Elevated CO2 levels contribute to global warming by absorbing and re-emitting longwave radiation.
  • CO2 concentration varies geographically and altitudinally despite being a well-mixed greenhouse gas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a region of high CO2 concentration in the middle troposphere over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP).
  • To investigate the drivers and dynamics of this CO2 pool.
  • To assess the implications of this CO2 pool for regional warming and climate change.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CO2 satellite measurements from 2002-2017 to analyze atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
  • Analyzed the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the CO2 pool.
  • Investigated the influence of Walker circulation and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the CO2 pool.

Main Results:

  • A significant CO2 pool was identified in the middle troposphere (500-300 hPa) over the IPWP, extending from the western Pacific to the eastern Indian Ocean.
  • The Walker circulation's rising branch acts as a 'CO2 Chimney,' transporting CO2 from various sources to the mid-troposphere.
  • The CO2 pool exhibits an average annual trend of 2.17 ppm yr⁻¹ (2003-2016) and is strengthened by La Niña and weakened by El Niño events.

Conclusions:

  • The identified CO2 pool over the IPWP is a critical feature influencing regional climate.
  • The 'CO2 Chimney' mechanism highlights the role of atmospheric circulation in redistributing CO2.
  • The CO2 pool's radiative forcing contributes to regional warming, posing a significant concern for global climate change.