Single-atom catalysts for hydroformylation of olefins

Area of Science:

• Heterogeneous catalysis
• Homogeneous catalysis
• Materials science

Background:

• Hydroformylation is a key industrial homogeneous reaction.
• Heterogeneous catalysts offer separation advantages but suffer from low activity and selectivity.
• Developing efficient heterogeneous catalysts is crucial for industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in single-atom catalysts (SACs) for hydroformylation.
• To discuss the impact of microstructure regulation on SACs' reactivity, stability, and selectivity.
• To explore the design principles and future research directions for SACs in olefin hydroformylation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of single-atom catalysts in hydroformylation.
• Analysis of microstructure effects on catalyst performance.
• Discussion of support, ligand, and electron effects.
• Elaboration of catalytic mechanisms.

Main Results:

• SACs demonstrate high atom utilization efficiency, stable active sites, and ease of separation.
• Microstructure regulation significantly influences reactivity, stability, and chem/regioselectivity.
• Support, ligand, and electron effects are key factors in SAC performance.

Conclusions:

• SACs show great promise for future hydroformylation applications.
• Understanding and controlling microstructure is vital for optimizing SACs.
• Further research is needed to address current challenges and advance SAC design for olefin hydroformylation.