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Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Using Chicken Embryo as a Powerful Tool in Assessment of Developmental Cardiotoxicities

Using Chicken Embryo as a Powerful Tool in Assessment of Developmental Cardiotoxicities

Published on: March 21, 2021

Chicken embryo as a model in second heart field development.

Imadeldin Yahya^1,2, Beate Brand-Saberi¹, Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo¹

¹Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany.

|March 16, 2023

Summary

The second heart field is a newly discovered source of cardiac muscle progenitor cells. Chicken embryos are key to studying this field and understanding heart development, aiding research into congenital heart defects.

Keywords:

Chicken embryo First heart field Heart Second heart field

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cardiovascular Research
Embryology

Background:

Historically, cardiac muscle formation was attributed to a single progenitor cell source.
Recent discoveries identified the second heart field as an additional crucial source of myocardial progenitor cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of the chicken embryo model in understanding the second heart field.
To summarize historical context and recent findings on chicken second heart field progenitor cells.

Main Methods:

Focus on the chicken embryo as a model organism for in vivo and in vitro studies.
Review of historical data and recent scientific literature.

Main Results:

The chicken embryo model has been instrumental in establishing the concept of the second heart field.
Recent research has defined the characteristics and origins of chicken second heart field progenitor cells.

Conclusions:

Understanding the second heart field in chickens provides critical insights into cardiac development.
This knowledge is vital for investigating congenital malformations of the heart.