Risk factors for long post-operative hospital stays after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in full-term neonates

Long hospital stays for neonates following cardiac surgery can be detrimental to short- and long-term outcomes. Furthermore, it can impact resource allocation within heart centres' daily operations. We aimed to explore multiple clinical variables and complications that can influence and predict the post-operative hospital length of stay.

We conducted a retrospective observational review of the full-term neonates (<30 days old) who had cardiac surgery in a tertiary paediatric cardiac surgery centre - assessment of multiple clinical variables and their association with post-operative hospital length of stay.

A total of 273 neonates were screened with a mortality rate of 8%. The survivors (number = 251) were analysed; 83% had at least one complication. The median post-operative hospital length of stay was 19.5 days (interquartile range 10.5, 31.6 days). The median post-operative hospital length of stay was significantly different among patients with complications (21.5 days, 10.5, 34.6 days) versus the no-complication group (14 days, 9.6, 19.5 days), p < 0.01. Among the non-modifiable variables, gastrostomy, tracheostomy, syndromes, and single ventricle physiology are significantly associated with longer post-operative hospital length of stay. Among the modifiable variables, deep vein thrombosis and cardiac arrest were associated with extended post-operative hospital length of stay.

Complications following cardiac surgery can be associated with longer hospital stay. Some complications are modifiable. Deep vein thrombosis and cardiac arrest are among the complications that were associated with longer hospital stay and offer a direct opportunity for prevention which may be reflected in better outcomes and shorter hospital stay.