Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling in Plants

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a multitasking potent regulator that facilitates plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. The important beneficial effects of H₂S in various aspects of plant physiology aroused the interest of this chemical for agriculture. Protein cysteine persulfidation has been recognized as the main reduction-oxidation (redox) regulatory mechanism of H₂S signaling. An increasing number of studies, including large-scale proteomic analyses and functional characterizations, have revealed that H₂S-mediated persulfidations directly regulate protein functions, altering downstream signaling in plants. To date, the importance of H₂S-mediated persulfidation in several abscisic acid signaling-controlling key proteins has been assessed as well as their role in stomatal movements, largely contributing to the understanding of the plant H₂S-regulatory mechanism. The molecular mechanisms of the H₂S sensing and transduction in plants remain elusive. The correlations of H₂S-mediated persulfidation with other oxidative post-translational modifications of cysteines are still to be explored. Implementation of advanced detection approaches for the spatiotemporal monitoring of H₂S levels in cells and the current proteomic profiling strategies for the identification and quantification of the cysteine site-specific persulfidation will provide insight into the H₂S signaling in plants. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 40-58.