HMGB1 is a promising therapeutic target for asthma

Area of Science:

• Immunology and Molecular Biology
• Respiratory Medicine

Background:

• High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein involved in gene regulation and cell processes.
• HMGB1 is released extracellularly by immune cells during inflammation/infection or passively from damaged cells.
• Extracellular HMGB1 binds to receptors like TLRs and RAGE, initiating immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in the pathogenesis of asthma.
• To explore HMGB1's involvement in immune responses and signaling pathways relevant to asthma.
• To provide a theoretical basis for novel asthma diagnosis and treatment strategies targeting HMGB1.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical and experimental studies on HMGB1 and asthma.
• Analysis of HMGB1's interaction with receptors (TLR2, TLR4, RAGE, TLR3, TLR9, TIM-3, CD24, NMDAR).
• Examination of HMGB1's mediation of inflammatory responses in asthma models.

Main Results:

• HMGB1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma through receptor-mediated signaling.
• HMGB1 contributes to Th2 inflammation, eosinophilic airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness.
• Specific receptors like TLRs, RAGE, TIM-3, CD24, and NMDAR are involved in HMGB1-mediated asthma pathways.

Conclusions:

• HMGB1 is a significant factor in asthma development and progression.
• Understanding HMGB1's molecular mechanisms offers potential for new therapeutic targets.
• This review provides a foundation for developing HMGB1-based diagnostic and treatment approaches for asthma.