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Dual-Task Training Program for Older Adults: Blending Gait, Visuomotor and Cognitive Training.

Akshata Nayak1, Rehab Alhasani2,3, Anuprita Kanitkar1

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Summary

This study found that a novel game-assisted dual-task (DT) exercise program improved balance and cognitive function in older adults. Treadmill-based DT training specifically enhanced dual-task gait function, showing feasibility and therapeutic value.

Keywords:
agingexecutive cognitive functiongame-assisted dual-task trainingrecumbent bicyclespatial-temporal gait variablestreadmill

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Rehabilitation Science
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Physical and cognitive impairments are prevalent in aging, increasing fall risk.
  • Dual-task (DT) training offers a promising approach to simultaneously improve mobility and cognition.
  • Novel game-assisted DT exercise programs require investigation for feasibility and therapeutic value in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic benefits of a novel game-assisted dual-task (DT) exercise program in community-dwelling older adults.
  • To compare the effects of DT treadmill walking (DT-TR) versus DT recumbent cycling (DT-RC) on physical and cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods exploratory randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 22 participants aged 70-85.
  • Participants were randomized to DT-TR or DT-RC, performing 1-hour sessions twice weekly for 12 weeks.
  • Assessments included standing balance, gait function, visuomotor and executive cognitive function, alongside qualitative interviews on user experience.

Main Results:

  • 100% compliance was achieved, with participants reporting minor technology difficulties but positive experiences.
  • Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in standing balance and executive cognitive functions.
  • The DT-TR group showed significant improvements in dual-task gait function, with medium to large effect sizes across most measures.

Conclusions:

  • The game-assisted DT exercise program is feasible and acceptable for older adults, demonstrating high compliance.
  • The program yields positive outcomes, particularly in balance and cognitive function, with specific benefits for gait in the DT-TR group.
  • Findings support further research and development for a full-scale RCT investigating this innovative rehabilitation approach.