Dual-Task Training Program for Older Adults: Blending Gait, Visuomotor and Cognitive Training

Area of Science:

• Gerontology and Rehabilitation Science
• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

• Physical and cognitive impairments are prevalent in aging, increasing fall risk.
• Dual-task (DT) training offers a promising approach to simultaneously improve mobility and cognition.
• Novel game-assisted DT exercise programs require investigation for feasibility and therapeutic value in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic benefits of a novel game-assisted dual-task (DT) exercise program in community-dwelling older adults.
• To compare the effects of DT treadmill walking (DT-TR) versus DT recumbent cycling (DT-RC) on physical and cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

• A mixed-methods exploratory randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 22 participants aged 70-85.
• Participants were randomized to DT-TR or DT-RC, performing 1-hour sessions twice weekly for 12 weeks.
• Assessments included standing balance, gait function, visuomotor and executive cognitive function, alongside qualitative interviews on user experience.

Main Results:

• 100% compliance was achieved, with participants reporting minor technology difficulties but positive experiences.
• Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in standing balance and executive cognitive functions.
• The DT-TR group showed significant improvements in dual-task gait function, with medium to large effect sizes across most measures.

Conclusions:

• The game-assisted DT exercise program is feasible and acceptable for older adults, demonstrating high compliance.
• The program yields positive outcomes, particularly in balance and cognitive function, with specific benefits for gait in the DT-TR group.
• Findings support further research and development for a full-scale RCT investigating this innovative rehabilitation approach.