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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Multiple step saccades are generated by internal real-time saccadic error correction.

Wenbo Ma¹, Mingsha Zhang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Division of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|March 17, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The automatic theory for multiple step saccades (MSSs) is not universally applicable. Instead, forward internal models may be crucial for correcting saccadic errors, as observed in various saccade tasks.

Keywords:

anti-saccade internal model memory-guided saccade multiple step saccades reactive saccades

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Last Updated: Aug 6, 2025

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Cognitive Science

Background:

Multiple step saccades (MSSs) are atypical eye movements involving a series of small saccades.
Previous research suggested MSSs arise from automatic saccadic plans, evidenced by shorter latencies in reactive saccades.
The universality of this automatic theory across different saccadic tasks remains unverified.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the universality of the automatic saccade generation theory for MSSs.
To explore alternative mechanisms, such as forward internal models, for MSS generation.
To examine the role of error correction in MSSs across different saccadic tasks.

Main Methods:

Recruited fifty young healthy subjects (YHSs) and fifty elderly healthy subjects (EHSs).
Employed prosaccade (PS), anti-saccade (AS), and memory-guided saccade (MGS) task paradigms.
Analyzed saccadic latency and intersaccadic intervals (ISI) across tasks and age groups.

Main Results:

Shorter saccadic latency for MSSs was observed in the PS task, but not in AS and MGS tasks.
Intersaccadic intervals (ISI) were consistent across all three tasks for both YHSs and EHSs.
Latency differences suggest task-dependent mechanisms for MSS generation.

Conclusions:

The automatic saccade generation theory is not a universal explanation for MSSs.
Forward internal models for saccadic error correction appear to be a significant mechanism.
Findings suggest a more complex, error-correction-based system underlying MSSs.