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Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Echo01:06

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
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Groupthink01:34

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When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
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In- and Out-Groups01:31

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People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Routes of Persuasion02:20

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Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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Hatemongers ride on echo chambers to escalate hate speech diffusion.

Vasu Goel1, Dhruv Sahnan1, Subhabrata Dutta2,3

  • 1Department of Computer Science & Engineering, IIIT Delhi, 110020India.

PNAS Nexus
|March 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hateful users significantly influence online information spread, not just hateful content. They dominate echo chambers, amplifying cascades and potentially exploiting content recommendation systems.

Keywords:
echo chamberhate speechhatemongersinformation diffusion

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Area of Science:

  • Social Network Analysis
  • Computational Social Science
  • Online Behavior Studies

Background:

  • Online social networks face increasing hateful and abusive content.
  • Existing countermeasures focus on detection and moderation, neglecting propagation dynamics.
  • Understanding hate generation and spread is crucial for effective solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the interplay between hateful behavior, information dissemination, and echo chambers.
  • Analyze the role of hatemongers in information cascades and network organization.
  • Examine how echo chambers facilitate the spread of hateful content.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of over 32 million posts from 6.8 million users across three social networks.
  • Network analysis to study user connectivity, information cascades, and group formations.
  • Examination of echo chamber dynamics and hatemonger influence within these structures.

Main Results:

  • Hatemongers, not just hateful content, critically govern information spread.
  • Hateful users occupy central network positions and form cohesive groups (echo chambers).
  • Echo chambers amplify user interactions, escalating information cascades led by hatemongers.

Conclusions:

  • Hateful users actively shape online discourse and information flow through echo chambers.
  • Popularity-based content recommendations are vulnerable to exploitation by hatemongers.
  • Deeper understanding of network dynamics is needed to combat online hate effectively.