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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Malignancies in systemic rheumatic diseases: A mini review.

Zhe Geng1, Cong Ye2, Xiaojian Zhu3

  • 1Department of Hematology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Patients with systemic rheumatic diseases face higher cancer risks, varying by disease type. While some therapies pose risks, most disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) do not increase malignancy risk.

Keywords:
disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugsmalignancymechanismrheumatic diseaserisk

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic rheumatic diseases are linked to an elevated risk of malignancies.
  • This increased cancer risk negatively impacts patient quality of life.
  • Malignancy risk and types vary depending on the specific rheumatic disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex relationship between systemic rheumatic diseases and cancer.
  • To identify potential mechanisms linking rheumatic diseases and malignancies.
  • To evaluate the association between anti-rheumatic therapies and cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating rheumatic diseases and malignancy risk.
  • Analysis of potential contributing factors including chronic inflammation, oncogenic infections, shared etiology, and therapies.
  • Examination of data on disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and their carcinogenic potential.

Main Results:

  • The mechanisms linking rheumatic diseases and malignancies are multifaceted, involving inflammation, infection clearance, shared causes, and treatments.
  • While some disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) show potential carcinogenicity, most are not associated with increased cancer risk.
  • The risk and specific types of cancers differ across various systemic rheumatic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the nuanced relationship between rheumatic diseases and cancer is crucial for patient care.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific risk factors and optimize treatment strategies.
  • Most disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) appear safe regarding overall malignancy risk in rheumatic disease patients.