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Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
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Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test

Published on: April 9, 2012

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Trends in pediatric tuberculosis diagnosis utilizing xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampicin in a poor-resource,

Maria Ahuoiza Garba1, Babatunde Oluwatosin Ogunbosi2, Abdullahi Musa1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

International Journal of Mycobacteriology
|March 17, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The Xpert MTB/RIF test aids in diagnosing childhood tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria. Older age, pulmonary TB, and negative HIV status are linked to positive TB diagnoses in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Diagnostics

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant health burden in Nigeria, particularly challenging to diagnose in pediatric populations.
  • The Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) assay offers a molecular diagnostic approach for TB detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic yield of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay in children in Nigeria.
  • To identify factors associated with a positive Xpert MTB/RIF test result in pediatric TB cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of TB treatment records for children aged 0-15 years from January 2017 to December 2021.
  • Data collected from six tertiary public health institutions in Nigeria.
  • Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed with significance set at P < 0.05.

Main Results:

  • Out of 1463 children with sufficient data, 19.8% tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) using Xpert MTB/RIF.
  • Rifampicin resistance was detected in 6.4% of positive MTB cases.
  • Positive Xpert MTB/RIF results were significantly associated with older age (>10 years), pulmonary TB (PTB), and negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Xpert MTB/RIF utilization in pediatric TB diagnosis increased prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Older age, presence of PTB, and negative HIV status are key indicators for positive MTB detection via Xpert MTB/RIF in children.
  • Clinical and radiological assessments remain crucial adjuncts for diagnosing childhood TB in Nigeria.
Abstract

Keywords:
Childhood tuberculosisNigeriaXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicinhuman immunodeficiency virusmultidrug-resistant-tuberculosistuberculosis

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